簡單句的結構
簡單句是最基本的句子結構形式，只由一個獨立子句構成。
子句類型
一個獨立子句表達一個完整的意思。只有獨立子句才能作為一個完整的句子。
- 例句
- The proposed system has the advantage of a wide scope.
I went shopping last weekend.
The cat is sleeping by the window.
相反，從屬子句不能表達完整的意思，因此不能作為一個完整的句子存在。
- 例句
- which was developed over three months
even though I was tired
because the weather is sunny
從屬子句以關係代名詞或從屬連接詞開頭。
常見的從屬連接詞包括
because, since, once, although, if, until, unless, why, while, whether, than, that, in order to
常見的關係代名詞包括
that, which, who, whom, whoever, whomever
句子的主詞
主詞是執行句子動作的成分。它是句子的兩個基本成分（主詞和敘述）中的第一個。
- 例句
- This study investigated the relationship between the personal traits and clinical parameters.
- 例句
- Dolly made a cake for the party.
句子的敘述(謂語)
敘述包含動詞(指動作)，還可以包括進一步澄清的訊息。
- 例句
- This study investigated the relationship between the personal traits and clinical parameters.
- 例句
- Mary gave her sheep a bath.
直接受詞和間接受詞
直接受詞指的是接受動作的人、物或思想等。
- 例句
- This study investigated the relationship between the personal traits and clinical parameters.
- 例句
- Dolly made a cake.
間接受詞指的是動作所針對的人、物或思想等對象，即動作為誰或什麼而做。
- 例句
- The national lab offered us an opportunity to work on an exciting new project.
- 例句
- Mary gave her sheep a bath.
及物動詞和不及物動詞
及物動詞是指主詞對直接受詞所做的動作。
- 例句
- We fabricated a composite.
在上例中，“we”是主詞，“fabricated”是及物動詞，“a composite”是直接受詞。
不及物動詞是指不需要受詞跟隨的動詞。不及物動詞本身就可以完整地表達敘述(謂語)。
- 例句
- We arrived.
We arrived early.
- 例句
- I always eat.
I always eat before work.
在上例中，“We”和“I”是主詞。“arrived”和“eat”是不及物動詞。
主詞補語
主詞補語通過重新命名或描述主詞來補充主詞的含義。主詞補語總是跟在系動詞後面，通常表現為英文動詞“to be”的某種形式。
- 例句
- The material is a gold composite.
在上例中，“gold composite”將主詞“the material”重新命名或給予一個稱謂。
- 例句
- Charlotte is very pretty.
在上例中，“Pretty”用來描述主詞“Charlotte”。
並列複合句的結構
並列複合句是由兩個或兩個以上的獨立子句由並列連接詞或分號連接而成。請注意，美式英語的習慣規定，當連接獨立子句時，並列連接詞必須與逗號一起使用。
並列複合句的結構如下: 獨立子句 + 並列連接詞（或分號）+ 獨立子句
並列連接詞包括: and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so
- 例句
- The material is a gold composite, and it was fabricated in clean room no. 45.
- 例句
- Glenda usually eats before work, but today she could not.
- 例句
- The proposed system has the advantage of a wide scope; it uses a novel algorithm that expands the range by a factor of ten.
從屬複合句的結構
從屬複合句由一個獨立分句和一個從屬分句構成。
從屬複合句的結構如下: 獨立子句 + 從屬連接詞 (或關係代名詞) + 從屬子句
- 例句
- We built a new system because the previous model had to be narrowed in scope.
- 例句
- Sarah will buy a train ticket if her flight is cancelled.
並列-從屬複合句的結構
並列-從屬複合句由兩個或多個獨立子句和一個或多個從屬子句構成。
並列-從屬複合句的結構如下: 獨立子句 + 從屬連接詞 + 從屬子句 + 並列連接詞 + 獨立子句
- 例句
- The first method failed because it caused the wires to melt, but the second method succeeded in bending the wires without causing the same issue.
- 例句
- Sarah’s flight took off before she started driving to the airport, so she drove to the train station instead.
使用英文文法檢查工具可以幫助你找出複合複雜句的結構錯誤，確保句子符合文法且表達流暢。檢查句子結構後，若仍不確定表達與前後文是否自然，可請他人進一步審閱。Wordvice 英文編修提供不同文件類型的服務範圍，方便您依需求比較。
