Citing

Annotated Bibliography Examples | APA, MLA, Chicago 

What is an Annotated Bibliography? An annotated bibliography is a list of sources (books, articles, other publications) that provides an ove…

What is a DOI? | APA, MLA, Chicago Formats

What is a DOI and what does it do? You have probably seen reference lists with citations that end in a long number preceded by the abbreviat…

APA In-Text Citations for Research Writing

Why Use In-Text Citations? When writing a journal article, literature review, convention paper, or any other academic document, authors must…

Formatting Research Paper Headings and Subheadings

Different style guides have different rules regarding the formatting of headings and subheadings in a paper, but what information you should…

How Many References in a Research Paper?

Junior researchers frequently wonder how many references should be included in their research papers. The common response? “As many as you n…

Self-Plagiarism: Can You Reuse Your Own Work?

The Internet has made it incredibly easy to find and copy-paste any kind of content, including academic work. And with universities and publ…

Citation Styles: APA vs MLA, Vancouver vs Chicago Style

What are citation and citation styles? A citation style (or formatting style) is a holistic set of rules and guidelines for creating an acad…

An Introduction to Academic Style Guides–APA, MLA, Chicago

When to Use Author “et al.” in Citation and References

We publish because we want to share our knowledge and because we want recognition for our work. We acknowledge people’s ideas and findings b…

Best Science Citation Formats for Research Papers

When choosing the best citation format or style for a research paper, it is easy to get confused. One of the most important sections in a re…

Parenthetical Citations: APA & MLA Examples

From scholarly writers and researchers to university and graduate students, every academic writer needs to understand how to use parenthetic…