{"id":3631,"date":"2022-08-02T10:50:51","date_gmt":"2022-08-02T01:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wordvice.com.tw\/?p=3631"},"modified":"2024-06-18T12:33:22","modified_gmt":"2024-06-18T03:33:22","slug":"how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d(hypothesis)\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u7bc4\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%98%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88hypothesis%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9F\" title=\"\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\uff1f\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\uff1f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B\" title=\"\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u985e\u578b\">\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u985e\u578b<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Alternative_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\" title=\"\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Alternative Hypothesis\uff09\">\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Alternative Hypothesis\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Null_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\" title=\"\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Null Hypothesis\uff09\">\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Null Hypothesis\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E6%80%A7%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Directional_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\" title=\"\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Directional Hypothesis\uff09\">\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Directional Hypothesis\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E9%9D%9E%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E6%80%A7%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Nondirectional_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\" title=\"\u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Nondirectional Hypothesis\uff09\">\u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Nondirectional Hypothesis\uff09<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%AB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A5%E9%A9%9F\" title=\"\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\">\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E7%AC%AC1%E6%AD%A5\" title=\"\u7b2c1\u6b65\">\u7b2c1\u6b65<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E7%AC%AC2%E6%AD%A5\" title=\"\u7b2c2\u6b65\">\u7b2c2\u6b65<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E7%AC%AC3%E6%AD%A5\" title=\"\u7b2c3\u6b65\">\u7b2c3\u6b65<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90\" title=\"\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\">\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E5%AF%AB%E5%BE%97%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90\" title=\"\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50\">\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E5%AF%AB%E5%BE%97%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E5%A3%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90\" title=\"\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u58de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50\">\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u58de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%AB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7\" title=\"\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6280\u5de7\">\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6280\u5de7<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-hypothesis-tips-examples\/#%E4%BE%9D%E9%9D%A0%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E5%AE%8C%E5%96%84%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87\" title=\"\u4f9d\u9760\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u7de8\u8f2f\u5b8c\u5584\u8ad6\u6587\">\u4f9d\u9760\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u7de8\u8f2f\u5b8c\u5584\u8ad6\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%98%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88hypothesis%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9F\"><\/span><strong>\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\uff1f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u73fe\u50cf\u6216\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u63a8\u6e2c\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6709\u6839\u64da\u7684\u731c\u6e2c\uff0c\u8aaa\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u800c\u4e14\u61c9\u7576\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u7b49\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6191\u7a7a\u675c\u64b0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9810\u6e2c\uff08prediction\uff09\u3002\u9810\u6e2c\u5be6\u969b\u662f\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u61c9\u7576\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\u5047\u8a2d\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9810\u6e2c\u2014\u2014\u201cKLF2\u57fa\u56e0\u6572\u9664\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5fc3\u81df\u767c\u80b2\u7f3a\u9677\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6e96\u5099\u901a\u904e\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u9810\u6e2c\u3002\u5c0e\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u201cKLF2\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7522\u7269\u8207\u5c0f\u9f20\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u767c\u80b2\u6709\u95dc\u201d\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u9810\u6e2c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u6709\u6642\u78ba\u5be6\u8b93\u4eba\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u500b\u662f\u54ea\u500b\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u53ea\u662f\u9673\u8ff0\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u800c\u9810\u6e2c\u5247\u662f\u9673\u8ff0\u4e8b\u7269\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u53e5\u5047\u8a2d\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u57fa\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u89c0\u5bdf\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684KLF2\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5fc3\u81df\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u65b7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u8eab\u4e0a\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u767c\u80b2\u51fa\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u2014\u2014\u9019\u7a2e\u8a71\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u5b78\u8853\u9810\u6e2c\u5730\u4f4d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u554f\uff0c\u9810\u6e2c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u7406\u7d50\u679c\u6216\u6d3e\u751f\u5b50\u96c6\u5462\uff1f\u9810\u6e2c\u8207\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u95e1\u91cb\u3002\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u6aa2\u9a57\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u53ef\u8b49\u507d\u6027\uff08\u5373\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5361\u723e\u2022\u6ce2\u666e\u723eKarl Popper\u65bc1934\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u6a19\u6e96\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u6e2c\u8a66\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u5206\u6790\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0a\u5347\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff08idea\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u7528\u8a5e\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u6216\u5047\u8aaa\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u95dc\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\u7684\u5168\u5957\u4efb\u52d9\u5247\u9700\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u9ede\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u6aa2\u67e5\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u7406\u8ad6<br>\uff082\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d<br>\uff083\uff09\u6839\u64da\u5047\u8a2d\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u7a2e\u9810\u6e2c<br>\uff084\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u8a08\u7b97\u5206\u6790\u6aa2\u9a57\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u771f\u507d<br>\uff085\uff09\u5f97\u51fa\u95dc\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/zIrWVavonjyyqWnOTD4ft_jXAgPx1CFsR788QCX6ij8RanDA7ktmznhqLNUaEpZT2q2LwxrvOIF4WHwuJu_Tv-ymgK5H6dyw0ToDTUuYu8Ib21ZSvk7ioTaCXdKnJm3TjtUTR2j4CFQ_yqSwUVBOTxc55OdJEyjW\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u5047\u8a2d\u65e2\u662f\u6574\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b78\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u751f\u9577\u767c\u5c55\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u5275\u7acb\u5b78\u8853\u6d41\u6d3e\u2014\u2014\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u662f\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u6216\u4e00\u689d\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B\"><\/span><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u985e\u578b<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u8b8a\u91cf\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u8aaa\u7684\u81ea\u8b8a\u91cf\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u8b8a\u5316\u6216\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u64cd\u63a7\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u8b8a\u91cf\u662f\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u8b8a\u91cf\u6216\u56e0\u8b8a\u91cf\u90fd\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9084\u6703\u4f7f\u5047\u8a2d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff08null hypothesis\uff09\u201d\u548c\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u201c\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff08alternative hypothesis\uff09\u201d\u3002\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u5148\uff0c\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u5f8c\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5148\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Alternative_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\"><\/span><strong>\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Alternative Hypothesis\uff09<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9810\u6e2c\u5169\u500b\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u8a18\u4f5cH1\u3002\u6aa2\u9a57\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5047\u8a2d\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u65bc\u6587\u737b\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Null_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\"><\/span><strong>\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Null Hypothesis\uff09<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u9673\u8ff0\u5728\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u8a18\u4f5cH0\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u9593\u9078\u64c7\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u9810\u6e2c\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u62d2\u7d55\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9700\u8981\u62d2\u7d55\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E6%80%A7%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Directional_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\"><\/span><strong>\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Directional Hypothesis\uff09<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u662f\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u8ac7\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8b8a\u91cf\u671d\u8457\u54ea\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8aaa\u662f\u7121\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u5316\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u55ae\u5c3e\u5047\u8a2d\uff08one-tailed hypothesis\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6c34\u5e73\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u6bd4\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6c34\u5e73\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u66f4\u70ba\u6d3b\u8e8d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u55ae\u5074\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aH1\u2014\u2014\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8a66\u524d\u53c3\u52a0\u79c1\u6559\u57f9\u8a13\u5c0d\u63d0\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u70ba\uff1aH0\u2014\u2014\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8a66\u524d\u53c3\u52a0\u79c1\u6559\u57f9\u8a13\u5c0d\u63d0\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%9D%9E%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E6%80%A7%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%EF%BC%88Nondirectional_Hypothesis%EF%BC%89\"><\/span><strong>\u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Nondirectional Hypothesis\uff09<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7576\u5047\u8a2d\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u8b8a\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8b8a\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u800c\u50c5\u8aaa\u660e\u5728\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u96d9\u5c3e\u5047\u8a2d\uff08two-tailed hypothesis\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u85e5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u9ad4\u5916\u5be6\u9a57\u986f\u793a\u8a72\u85e5\u7269\u5c0d\u6cbb\u7642\u67d0\u7a2e\u75c5\u75c7\uff08\u5982\u7126\u616e\u75c7\uff09\u7522\u751f\u7a4d\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u5b83\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6703\u7522\u751f\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u7126\u616e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u9673\u8ff0\u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff1aH1\u2014\u50c5\u7d93\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u5728\u60a3\u6709\u7126\u616e\u75c7\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u7126\u616e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u96f6\u5047\u8a2d\u70ba\uff1aH0\u2014\u5728\u60a3\u6709\u7126\u616e\u75c7\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u50c5\u7d93\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u5c0d\u7126\u616e\u6c34\u5e73\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%AB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A5%E9%A9%9F\"><\/span><strong>\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u9700\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AC%AC1%E6%AD%A5\"><\/span><strong>\u7b2c1\u6b65<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6839\u64da\u65e2\u5f80\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/strong>\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u63d0\u554f\u767c\u7aef\u3002\u63d0\u554f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5929\u99ac\u884c\u7a7a\u3001\u4e0d\u8457\u908a\u969b\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u737b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u7a4d\u7d2f\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8abf\u67e5\u990a\u5bf5\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u4e0d\u990a\u5bf5\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u4eba\u5011\u505a\u904e\u54ea\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u8207\u990a\u5bf5\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08927936.2016.1152721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u990a\u72d7\u6bd4\u990a\u8c93\u5c0d\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u597d\u8655<\/a>\uff01\u7576\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u737b\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u554f\uff1a\u201c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b93\u990a\u72d7\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u990a\u8c93\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5feb\u6a02\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AC%AC2%E6%AD%A5\"><\/span><strong>\u7b2c2\u6b65<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56de\u7b54\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u69cb\u9020\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/strong>\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u6191\u7a7a\u634f\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u8907\u6216\u5ffd\u8996\u5225\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u505a\u904e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ee5\u95dc\u65bc\u8c93\u72d7\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u73fe\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6027\u683c\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6eff\u610f\u5ea6\u7684\u554f\u5377\u8abf\u67e5\u3002\u4f60\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u5fc3\u7406\u6216\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u6578\u64da\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5927\u81bd\u65b7\u8a00\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u904e\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u2014\u2014\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u5929\u905b\u72d7\u5e7e\u6b21\uff0c\u53c3\u52a0\u8af8\u5982\u654f\u6377\u6027\u6bd4\u8cfd\u7b49\u6709\u8da3\u800c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5e36\u72d7\u65c5\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u69cb\u9020\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4f86\u56de\u7b54\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7b2c1\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201c\u990a\u72d7\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u990a\u8c93\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u990a\u72d7\u7684\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5bf5\u7269\u6d3b\u52d5\u6709\u95dc\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u5426\u6eff\u8db3\u5728\u672c\u6587\u958b\u982d\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u90a3\u5169\u500b\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<strong>\u53ef\u8b49\u507d\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6e2c\u8a66\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u6e2c\u8a66\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u5c31\u8ac7\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u8a66\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u72d7\u4f46\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf5\u7269\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u65bc\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u72d7\u4e26\u8207\u5b83\u4e00\u8d77\u73a9\u800d\u3001\u5954\u8dd1\u6216\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AC%AC3%E6%AD%A5\"><\/span><strong>\u7b2c3\u6b65<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e26\u9810\u6e2c\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/strong>\u7531\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u7fa9\u76f8\u95dc\u8b8a\u91cf\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u5206\u6790\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u8acb\u4ed6\u5011\u586b\u5beb\u8abf\u67e5\u554f\u5377\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6eff\u610f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u8abf\u67e5\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4e00\u7d44\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u8207\u4e00\u7d44\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u65bd\u5e72\u9810\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u6d3b\u52d5\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u7a2e\u5e72\u9810\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9080\u8acb\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u5230\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0d\u6210\u7d44\u7684\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u9032\u884c\u884c\u70ba\u4e7e\u9810\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91dd\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u6175\u61f6\u7684\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u958b\u8a2d\u654f\u6377\u5ea6\u7df4\u7fd2\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u91dd\u5c0d\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u5247\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u58d3\u5236\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5a1b\u6a02\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u5e72\u9810\u524d\u5f8c\u5206\u5225\u8a55\u4f30\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u8b8a\u91cf\u662f\u8207\u72d7\u9032\u884c\u5a1b\u6a02\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u8b8a\u91cf\u662f\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90\"><\/span><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u548c\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u5dee\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AF%AB%E5%BE%97%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90\"><\/span><strong>\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><strong>\u597d\u7684\u5047\u8a2d<\/strong><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u5728\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6eff\u610f\u5ea6\u3002<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u8207\u9700\u8981\u5230\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u5728\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u5728\u5169\u5e74\u5167\u8fad\u8077\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0f\u3002<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u8207\u6bcf\u665a\u7761\u77207\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6bcf\u665a\u7761\u7720\u5c11\u65bc5\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u8003\u8a66\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u52d5\u7269\u9069\u61c9\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5cf6\u5dbc\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u98df\u7269\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5599\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u7126\u616e\u3002<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u9023\u7e8c4\u9031\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u5176\u7126\u616e\u75c7\u72c0\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\uff1f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AF%AB%E5%BE%97%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E5%A3%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90\"><\/span><strong>\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u58de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\"><strong>\u58de\u7684\u5047\u8a2d<\/strong><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/th><th scope=\"col\"><strong>\u5047\u8a2d\u5931\u6557\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u5927\u849c\u6392\u65a5\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u3002<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u6bcf\u5929\u5403\u5927\u849c\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u88ab\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b49\u507d\u3002<\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u6bd4\u9999\u8349\u597d\u3002<\/th><th scope=\"col\">&nbsp;<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u6e2c\u8a66\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%92%B0%E5%AF%AB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7\"><\/span><strong>\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u78ba\u69cb\u9020\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u958b\u5c55\u9810\u6e2c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u9805\u8209\u63aa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u8abf\u67e5\u73fe\u6709\u8b49\u64da<br>\uff082\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d<br>\uff083\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u9810\u6e2c<br>\uff084\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u9032\u884c\u9a57\u8b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u4e0a\u8ff0\u990a\u72d7\u8207\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u958b\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u96d6\u7136\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u990a\u72d7\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u990a\u8c93\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u6a02\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63ed\u793a\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br>\uff082\uff09\u5047\u8a2d\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u8207\u5bf5\u7269\u4e00\u8d77\u53c3\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5\u662f\u9020\u6210\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u8f03\u5f37\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f88\u591a\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u90fd\u6a02\u65bc\u53c3\u8207\u5bf5\u7269\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u8c93\u4e3b\u4eba\u5247\u5f88\u5c11\u53c3\u8207\u3002&nbsp;<br>\uff083\uff09\u6211\u5011\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u53c3\u8207\u5bf5\u7269\u6d3b\u52d5\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u9f13\u52f5\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u5bf5\u7269\u6d3b\u52d5\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5feb\u6a02\u611f\u589e\u5f37\u3002&nbsp;<br>\uff084\uff09\u70ba\u4e86\u6e2c\u8a66\u9019\u500b\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9080\u8acb\u72d7\u4e3b\u4eba\u5230\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4f86\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u554f\u5377\u8a55\u4f30\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u60c5\u7dd2\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u70ba\u6d3b\u8e8d\u548c\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u5169\u7d44\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u8a55\u5224\u6a19\u6e96\uff08\u6b64\u8655\u7565\u53bb\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\uff08we hypothesize\uff09\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u65bc\u5be6\u9a57\u9810\u6e2c\uff08prediction\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u201cwould\u201d\u6216\u201cif &#8211; then\u201d\u9019\u7a2e\u8a5e\u5f59\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5047\u8a2d\u4e2d\u7528\u201cwould\u201d\u9019\u7a2e\u8a5e\u53bb\u9673\u8ff0\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u9673\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u8b80\u8005\u6703\u5805\u4fe1\u4f60\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73fe\u5728\u6642\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f7f\u7528\u5e36\u6709\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u614b\u52d5\u8a5e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982may\u3001might\u3001could\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u7576\u89e3\u91cb<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/what-are-implications-in-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u542b\u7fa9<\/a>\u6216\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/how-to-write-a-conclusion-for-a-research-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206<\/a>\u63cf\u8ff0\u9810\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u201d\uff08we hypothesize\uff09\u9019\u7a2e\u8a71\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u5728\u610f\u9019\u4e9b\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u7528\u8a5e\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65bc\u7d30\u5fae\u8655\u898b\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u5728\u9673\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6574\u5957\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7528\u8a5e\u7e1d\u5bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u6e96\u78ba\u7406\u89e3\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u82db\u523b\u7684\u5be9\u7a3f\u4eba\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u6311\u5254\u4f60\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BE%9D%E9%9D%A0%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E5%AE%8C%E5%96%84%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87\"><\/span><strong>\u4f9d\u9760\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u7de8\u8f2f\u5b8c\u5584\u8ad6\u6587<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u64b0\u5beb\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5b78\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5efa\u8b70\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528Wordvice\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.ai\/tw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AI \u7dda\u4e0a\u5beb\u4f5c\u52a9\u624b<\/a>\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.ai\/tw\/proofreading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7dda\u4e0a\u6587\u6cd5\u6aa2\u67e5\u5de5\u5177<\/a>\u521d\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u82f1\u6587\u8ad6\u6587\u7a3f\u4ef6\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u627eWordvice\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/services\/academic-editing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8ad6\u6587\u7de8\u4fee\u670d\u52d9<\/a>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cWordvice \u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8cc7\u6e90\u7db2\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u5beb\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u64b0\u5beb<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/a-guide-to-research-paper-outlines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206<\/a>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/a-guide-to-research-paper-outlines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8ad6\u6587\u5927\u7db1<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/journal-submission-cover-letter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6295\u7a3f\u4fe1<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u9700\u8981<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u6587\u7de8\u4fee<\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u627eWordvice\u3002<br>|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/academy-academic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5beb\u4f5c\u8cc7\u6e90<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/services\/academic-editing\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u7de8\u4fee<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/services\/translation\/academic-paper\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/services\/academic-editing\/assignment\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8ab2\u5802\u4f5c\u696d\u82f1\u4fee<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/pricing\/proofreading-prices\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u670d\u52d9\u50f9\u683c<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/faq\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c<\/a>&nbsp;|<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\uff1f\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u985e\u578b\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Alternative Hypothesis\uff09\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Null Hypothesis\uff09\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Directional Hypothesis\uff09\u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Nondirectional Hypothesis\uff09\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u7b2c1\u6b65\u7b2c2\u6b65\u7b2c3\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u58de\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u4f8b\u5b50\u64b0\u5beb\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4f9d\u9760\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u7de8\u8f2f\u5b8c\u5584\u8ad6\u6587 \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\uff1f \u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u73fe\u50cf\u6216\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u63a8\u6e2c\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6709\u6839\u64da\u7684\u731c\u6e2c\uff0c\u8aaa\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u800c\u4e14\u61c9\u7576\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u7b49\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6191\u7a7a\u675c\u64b0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9810\u6e2c\uff08prediction\uff09\u3002\u9810\u6e2c\u5be6\u969b\u662f\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u61c9\u7576\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\u5047\u8a2d\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9810\u6e2c\u2014\u2014\u201cKLF2\u57fa\u56e0\u6572\u9664\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5fc3\u81df\u767c\u80b2\u7f3a\u9677\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6e96\u5099\u901a\u904e\u6e2c\u8a66\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u9810\u6e2c\u3002\u5c0e\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u201cKLF2\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7522\u7269\u8207\u5c0f\u9f20\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u767c\u80b2\u6709\u95dc\u201d\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u9810\u6e2c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u6709\u6642\u78ba\u5be6\u8b93\u4eba\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u500b\u662f\u54ea\u500b\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u53ea\u662f\u9673\u8ff0\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u800c\u9810\u6e2c\u5247\u662f\u9673\u8ff0\u4e8b\u7269\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u53e5\u5047\u8a2d\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u57fa\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u89c0\u5bdf\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684KLF2\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5fc3\u81df\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u65b7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u8eab\u4e0a\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u767c\u80b2\u51fa\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u2014\u2014\u9019\u7a2e\u8a71\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u5b78\u8853\u9810\u6e2c\u5730\u4f4d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u554f\uff0c\u9810\u6e2c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u7406\u7d50\u679c\u6216\u6d3e\u751f\u5b50\u96c6\u5462\uff1f\u9810\u6e2c\u8207\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u95e1\u91cb\u3002\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u6aa2\u9a57\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u53ef\u8b49\u507d\u6027\uff08\u5373\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5361\u723e\u2022\u6ce2\u666e\u723eKarl Popper\u65bc1934\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u6a19\u6e96\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u6e2c\u8a66\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u5206\u6790\u8a08\u7b97\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0a\u5347\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff08idea\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6ce8\u610f\u9019\u88e1\u7528\u8a5e\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u6216\u5047\u8aaa\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u95dc\u65bc\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\u7684\u5168\u5957\u4efb\u52d9\u5247\u9700\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u9ede\uff1a \uff081\uff09\u6aa2\u67e5\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\uff082\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\uff083\uff09\u6839\u64da\u5047\u8a2d\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u7a2e\u9810\u6e2c\uff084\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u8a66\u6216\u8a08\u7b97\u5206\u6790\u6aa2\u9a57\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u771f\u507d\uff085\uff09\u5f97\u51fa\u95dc\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6 \u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\/\u8ad6\u6587\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u985e\u578b \u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8a2d\uff08hypothesis\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u8b8a\u91cf\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u8aaa\u7684\u81ea\u8b8a\u91cf\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u8b8a\u5316\u6216\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u64cd\u63a7\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u8b8a\u91cf\u662f\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u8b8a\u91cf\u6216\u56e0\u8b8a\u91cf\u90fd\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9084\u6703\u4f7f\u5047\u8a2d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff08null hypothesis\uff09\u201d\u548c\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u201c\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff08alternative hypothesis\uff09\u201d\u3002\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u5148\uff0c\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u5728\u5f8c\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6700\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5148\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Alternative Hypothesis\uff09 \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9810\u6e2c\u5169\u500b\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u8a18\u4f5cH1\u3002\u6aa2\u9a57\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5047\u8a2d\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u65bc\u6587\u737b\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Null Hypothesis\uff09 \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u9673\u8ff0\u5728\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u8a18\u4f5cH0\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u548c\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u9593\u9078\u64c7\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u9810\u6e2c\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u62d2\u7d55\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u9700\u8981\u62d2\u7d55\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Directional Hypothesis\uff09 \u7531\u65bc\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u662f\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u8ac7\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8b8a\u91cf\u671d\u8457\u54ea\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8aaa\u662f\u7121\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u5316\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u55ae\u5c3e\u5047\u8a2d\uff08one-tailed hypothesis\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6c34\u5e73\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u6bd4\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6c34\u5e73\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u66f4\u70ba\u6d3b\u8e8d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u55ae\u5074\u5c0d\u7acb\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aH1\u2014\u2014\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8a66\u524d\u53c3\u52a0\u79c1\u6559\u57f9\u8a13\u5c0d\u63d0\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u865b\u7121\u5047\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u70ba\uff1aH0\u2014\u2014\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8a66\u524d\u53c3\u52a0\u79c1\u6559\u57f9\u8a13\u5c0d\u63d0\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff08Nondirectional Hypothesis\uff09 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hypothesis\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u85e5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u9ad4\u5916\u5be6\u9a57\u986f\u793a\u8a72\u85e5\u7269\u5c0d\u6cbb\u7642\u67d0\u7a2e\u75c5\u75c7\uff08\u5982\u7126\u616e\u75c7\uff09\u7522\u751f\u7a4d\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u5b83\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6703\u7522\u751f\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u7126\u616e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u9673\u8ff0\u975e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\uff1aH1\u2014\u50c5\u7d93\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u5728\u60a3\u6709\u7126\u616e\u75c7\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u7126\u616e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u96f6\u5047\u8a2d\u70ba\uff1aH0\u2014\u5728\u60a3\u6709\u7126\u616e\u75c7\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u50c5\u7d93\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u5c0d\u7126\u616e\u6c34\u5e73\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 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