{"id":2235,"date":"2021-11-29T16:31:19","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T07:31:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wordvice.com.tw\/?p=2235"},"modified":"2023-10-23T12:47:59","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T03:47:59","slug":"6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/","title":{"rendered":"\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u5373et al.\u3001etc.\u3001e.g. \u3001i.e. \u3001viz. \u3001vs.\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u5f62\u5f0f\u7c21\u6f54\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u50b3\u627f\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u4ecd\u7136\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u3002 \u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u53c8\u7a31\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5373\u5f9eA\u5230Z\u768426\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5373\u3001\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0aabl\u6d41\u50b3\u6700\u5ee3\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u570b\u5bb6\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6f22\u8a9e\u62fc\u97f3\u4e5f\u63a1\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u53e4\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u670923\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcdI\u5206\u5316\u51faJ\uff0cV\u5206\u5316\u51faU\u548cW\uff0c \u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u768426\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u62fc\u5beb\u82f1\u6587\u3002 \u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u6f14\u8b8a\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u53e4\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u548c\u68b5\u8a9e\u3002 \u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u5206\u5316\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u6cd5\u8a9e\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u6587\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6587\u7684\u7f85\u66fc\u8a9e\u3001\u4ee5\u82f1\u8a9e\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9b6f\u6492\u514b\u905c\u8a9e\u548c\u4ee5\u5fb7\u8a9e\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u54e5\u7279\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\u53ea\u7528\u65bc\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u9054\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u53e3\u8a9e\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u8a5e\u5f59\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u66f8\u9762\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u201ci.e.\u201c\uff0c\u800c\u53e3\u8a9e\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u201cthat is\u201c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ecd\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8207\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u4e5f\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u932f\u8aa4\u3002 \u672c\u6587\u7c21\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ee-blog-cdn.wordvice.com\/tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/29162736\/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AD%E5%80%8B%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB2-1200x600.jpg\" alt=\"\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\" class=\"wp-image-2236\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_17 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"display: none;\"><i class=\"ez-toc-glyphicon ez-toc-icon-toggle\"><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#et_al%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" title=\"et al.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\">et al.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A\" title=\"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\">\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#etc%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" title=\"etc.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\">etc.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-2\" title=\"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\">\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#eg%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" title=\"e.g.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\">e.g.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-3\" title=\"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\">\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#ie%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" title=\"i.e.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\">i.e.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-4\" title=\"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\">\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#viz_%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" title=\"viz. \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\">viz. \u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-5\" title=\"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\">\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#vs%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" title=\"vs.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\">vs.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-3\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/6-commonly-used-latin-abbreviations\/#%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-6\" title=\"\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\">\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"et_al%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span><strong>et al.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cet al. \u201c\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u201cet alii\u201c\u3001\u201cet alia\u201c\u3001\u201cet alia\u201c\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb &nbsp;\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201cand other people\u201c\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u7b49\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u300d\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7e2e\u5beb\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u5f15\u7528\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\u6642\u7701\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u5f8c\uff0c<strong>\u5c07\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7528\u659c\u9ad4\u7684\u201c<em>et al.<\/em><\/strong> <strong>\u201c\u4ee3\u66ff<\/strong>\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc\u958b\u5217\u591a\u5c11\u500b\u4f5c\u8005\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u201cet al.\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u671f\u520a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u6578\u671f\u520a\u898f\u5b9a\u5c0d\u65bc\u6709\u5169\u500b\u6216\u4e09\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cet al. \u201c\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u5169\u500b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u737b\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A\"><\/span>\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Smith <em>&nbsp;et al.<\/em> (2011) &nbsp;reported a very high exhaust gas temperature at the rated power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Previous studies (Smith <em>&nbsp;et al.<\/em> , &nbsp;2011) &nbsp;reported a very high exhaust gas temperature at the rated power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This book was written by Smith, Johnson, Williams, <em>et al.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"etc%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span><strong>etc.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cetc. \u201c\u662f\u201cet cetera\u201c\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201cand so on\u201c\u3001\u201cand other things\u201c\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u7b49\u7b49\u300d\uff0c \u7f6e\u65bc\u958b\u5217\u9805\u76ee\u6e05\u55ae\u7684\u6700\u672b\u3002 \u8207\u201cet al. \u201c\u3002 \u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u201cetc. \u201c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u7269\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u201cetc. \u201c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u9593\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5b83\u5f8c\u9762\u9084\u60f3\u63a5\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u9017\u865f\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5beb\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u201cetc.\u201c\u4f4d\u65bc\u53e5\u5b50\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6dfb\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u53e5\u865f\uff08\u9ede\u865f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u7576\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u201cincluding\uff08\u5305\u62ec\uff09\u201c\u3001\u201ce.g.\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09\u201c\u3001\u201csuch as\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09\u201c\u3001\u201cfor example\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09\u201c\u7684\u958b\u5217\u5c08\u6848\u6e05\u55ae\u6700\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u201cetc.\u201c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a5e\u5df2\u7d93\u8868\u793a\u4e26\u672a\u56ca\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u5217\u8209\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u300c\u7b49\u7b49\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u201cetc.\u201c\uff0c\u5c31\u591a\u9918\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u201cetc.\u201c\u6642\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u201cand\u201c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u201cet cetera\u201c\u4e2d\u7684\u201cet\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u201cand\u201c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u518d\u52a0\u201cand\u201c\uff0c\u5c31\u91cd\u8907\u4e86\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201cand others\u201c\u4ee3\u66ff\u201cetc. \u201c\uff0c\u4f46\u986f\u7136\u5f8c\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u7c21\u6f54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b78\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u5f37\u8abf\u7528\u8a5e\u6e05\u695a\u548c\u542b\u7fa9\u660e\u78ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u731c\u6e2c\u7701\u7565\u7684\u5217\u8209\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4f5c\u8005\u904e\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u610f\u5473\u7684&#8221; etc. \u201d\u3002 &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-2\"><\/span>\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following parameters were measured in the lab: engine speed, engine brake torque, air flow rate, intake manifold&nbsp; pressure, exhaust gas temperature, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"eg%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span><strong>e.g.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;e.g.&#8221;\u662f&#8221;exampli gratia&#8221;\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u8868\u793a&#8221;for example&#8221;\u3001&#8221;such as&#8221; \uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u4f8b\u5982\u300d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u51fa\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u5728\u7f8e\u5f0f\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728&#8221;e.g.&#8221;\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u9017\u865f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u66f8\u5beb\u8209\u4f8b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u5f0f\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u5247\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u9017\u865f &nbsp;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-3\"><\/span>\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>He wrote many books, e.g., &nbsp;<em>Engine System Design<\/em>, &nbsp;<em>Engine Performance Analysis<\/em>, and &nbsp;<em>Engine System Dynamics<\/em> &nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ie%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span><strong>i.e.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201ci.e.\u201d \u662f&#8221;id &nbsp;est&#8221;\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f&#8221;that is&#8221;\u3001&#8221;in other words&#8221;\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u5373\u300d\u6216\u300c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\u300d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91cb\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u8a71\u3002 \u5728\u7f8e\u5f0f\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728&#8221;i.e.&#8221;\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u9017\u865f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u66f8\u5beb\u89e3\u91cb\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u5f0f\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u5247\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u9017\u865f\u3002 &nbsp;&#8220;i.e.&#8221;\u8207&#8221;e.g.&#8221;\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8209\u4f8b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-4\"><\/span>\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Smith told us exactly what we need to do, i.e., measuring the exhaust gas temperature in the second engine cylinder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"viz_%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span><strong>viz.<\/strong> <strong>\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cviz.\u201c \u662f&#8221;videlicet&#8221;\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f&#8221;namely&#8221;\u3001&#8221;precisely&#8221;\u3001&#8221;that is to say&#8221;\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91cb\u7528\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u5373\u300d\u3002 &nbsp;\u201cviz.\u201d \u5728\u542b\u7fa9\u4e0a\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u201ci.e. \u201c\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u201ci.e. \u201c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u8a73\u7d30\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u6e05\u55ae\u5c08\u6848\u3002 \u201cviz.\u201d \u8207&#8221;e.g.&#8221;\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u9808\u5c07\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8a71\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u5168\u90e8\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u9078\u5e7e\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5217\u8209 \u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u662f\u5728&#8221;viz. &#8220;\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u865f\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-5\"><\/span>\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Each symbol represents one of the five &nbsp;elements, viz. metal\uff0cwood\uff0cwater, &nbsp;fire, and &nbsp;earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vs%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span><strong>vs.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cvs.\u201d \u662f&#8221;versus&#8221;\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f&#8221;against&#8221;\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c0d\u6c7a\u65bc\u300d \u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7e2e\u5beb\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d2\u5716\u7684\u6a6b\u7e31\u8ef8\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u9ad4\u80b2\u6bd4\u8cfd\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u96d9\u65b9\u7b49\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7167\u6216\u5c0d\u6c7a\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%9A-6\"><\/span>\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 6&nbsp; shows the engine air flow rate on the vertical axis vs. the engine speed on the&nbsp; horizontal&nbsp; axis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most exciting game of this month &nbsp;was Harvard vs. &nbsp;Yale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was an issue &nbsp;of better job opportunities &nbsp;vs. &nbsp;commuting &nbsp;inconvenience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u9700\u8981<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u6587\u7de8\u4fee<\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u627eWordvice\u3002<br>|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/tw\/blog\/academy-academic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5beb\u4f5c\u8cc7\u6e90<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/services\/academic-editing\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u7de8\u4fee<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/services\/translation\/academic-paper\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/services\/academic-editing\/assignment\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u8ab2\u5802\u4f5c\u696d\u82f1\u4fee<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/pricing\/proofreading-prices\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u670d\u52d9\u50f9\u683c<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com.tw\/faq\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c<\/a>\u00a0|<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u5373et al.\u3001etc.\u3001e.g. \u3001i.e. \u3001viz. \u3001vs.\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u5f62\u5f0f\u7c21\u6f54\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u50b3\u627f\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u4ecd\u7136\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u3002 \u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u53c8\u7a31\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5373\u5f9eA\u5230Z\u768426\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5373\u3001\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0aabl\u6d41\u50b3\u6700\u5ee3\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002 \u897f\u65b9\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u570b\u5bb6\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6f22\u8a9e\u62fc\u97f3\u4e5f\u63a1\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u53e4\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u670923\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcdI\u5206\u5316\u51faJ\uff0cV\u5206\u5316\u51faU\u548cW\uff0c \u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u768426\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002 \u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u62fc\u5beb\u82f1\u6587\u3002 \u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u6f14\u8b8a\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u53e4\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u548c\u68b5\u8a9e\u3002 \u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u5206\u5316\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u6cd5\u8a9e\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u6587\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6587\u7684\u7f85\u66fc\u8a9e\u3001\u4ee5\u82f1\u8a9e\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9b6f\u6492\u514b\u905c\u8a9e\u548c\u4ee5\u5fb7\u8a9e\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u54e5\u7279\u8a9e\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\u53ea\u7528\u65bc\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u9054\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u53e3\u8a9e\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u8a5e\u5f59\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u66f8\u9762\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u201ci.e.\u201c\uff0c\u800c\u53e3\u8a9e\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u201cthat is\u201c\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ecd\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8207\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u4e5f\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u932f\u8aa4\u3002 \u672c\u6587\u7c21\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002 Table of Contents et al.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aetc.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1ae.g.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1ai.e.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aviz. \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1avs.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a et al.\u7684\u7528\u6cd5 \u201cet al. \u201c\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u201cet alii\u201c\u3001\u201cet alia\u201c\u3001\u201cet alia\u201c\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb &nbsp;\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201cand other people\u201c\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u7b49\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u300d\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7e2e\u5beb\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u5f15\u7528\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\u6642\u7701\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7528\u659c\u9ad4\u7684\u201cet al. \u201c\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc\u958b\u5217\u591a\u5c11\u500b\u4f5c\u8005\u5f8c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u201cet al.\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u671f\u520a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u6578\u671f\u520a\u898f\u5b9a\u5c0d\u65bc\u6709\u5169\u500b\u6216\u4e09\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201cet al. \u201c\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u5169\u500b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u737b\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002 \u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a Smith &nbsp;et al. (2011) &nbsp;reported a very high exhaust [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19,37,32,35],"tags":[1240,264],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.2.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb - Wordvice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u516d\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u5373et al.\u3001etc.\u3001e.g. \u3001i.e. \u3001viz. \u3001vs.\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u5f62\u5f0f\u7c21\u6f54\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u50b3\u627f\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u4ecd\u7136\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u3002 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