{"id":1101,"date":"2023-10-02T09:04:32","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T09:04:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wordvice.jp\/?p=1101"},"modified":"2023-11-28T07:51:12","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T07:51:12","slug":"video-should-i-use-active-or-passive-voice-in-a-research-paper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/jp\/blog\/video-should-i-use-active-or-passive-voice-in-a-research-paper\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u52d5\u753b\u3011\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306e\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should I Use Active or Passive Voice in a Research Paper?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pHZ1Xve3au0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\uff01\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u753b\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3044\u6587\u610f\u3068\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u300c\u614b\u300d\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u6271\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5e38\u8b58\u306b\u5909\u5316\u304c\u8a2a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b(<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/jp\/blog\/passive-or-active-voice-to-use-in-research-papers-according-to-cell\/\">\u30bb\u30eb(Cell)\u8a8c\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3059\u308b\u82f1\u8a9e\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u614b<\/a>)\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u614b\u304c\u6301\u3064\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u610f\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u4f7f\u3044\u3053\u306a\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u52d5\u753b\u3068\u5171\u306b\u3001\u89e3\u8aac\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u57f7\u7b46\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u300c\u614b\u300d\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u969b\u3001<strong>\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051<\/strong>\u306f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3055\u3084\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u305f\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3093\u3060\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c1\u3084\u5c0f\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u3088\u308a\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5e38\u306b\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3068\u6559\u308f\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u300c\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u3044\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u70b9\u304b\u8003\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u65b9\u3082\u3044\u3089\u3063\u3057\u3083\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4f1d\u308f\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u4e00\u3064\u306b\u3053\u3060\u308f\u308b\u306e\u306f\u826f\u3044\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u4f53\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306f<strong>\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3092\u5f37\u8abf<\/strong>\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3084\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3057\u305f\u4e3b\u4f53\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Example: \u201c<strong>We<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>arranged<\/strong>&nbsp;the sample groups.\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u6587\u3067\u306f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3092\u201cwe\u201d\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3001sample groups\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002we\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089sample groups\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u7279\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b<strong>\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u4eba\u3084\u7269\u3092\u5f37\u8abf<\/strong>\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Example: &nbsp;\u201c<strong>Sample groups<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>were arranged<\/strong>&nbsp;(by us\/by the researchers).\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u201csample groups\u201d \u304c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u307e\u305f\u52d5\u4f5c(arrange)\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53(\u7814\u7a76\u8005)\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u201cby us\u201d\u3084\u201cby the researchers\u201d\u3092\u6587\u672b\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5197\u9577\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u7701\u7565\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u7c21\u6f54\u306b\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u304b\u3089\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u6587\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3059\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u3057\u305f\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3082\u899a\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306f\u672c\u6765\u300c\u5f37\u3044\u300d\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u300d\u300c\u660e\u77ad\u300d\u300c\u7c21\u6f54\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u6301\u3064\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3067\u304d\u308b\u9650\u308a\u7c21\u6f54\u3067\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u6587\u30fb\u81e8\u5e8a\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7279\u306b\u305d\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u304c\u63a8\u85a6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u907f\u3051\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u3044\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u597d\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u6642\u4ee3\u9045\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u304b\u3001\u9006\u306b\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u65ac\u65b0\u306a\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3001\u3068\u4e00\u53e3\u306b\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u53d6\u308c\u305f\u8996\u70b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u6587\u610f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u304c\u5185\u5305\u3059\u308b\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u5834\u5408<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u3067\u3001\u306a\u308b\u3079\u304f\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u5fc3\u304c\u3051\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30673\u3064\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\uff11\uff0e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u4e0d\u660e\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3084\u6587\u8108\u4e0a\u3042\u307e\u308a\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u305d\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u304c\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3082\u201cby\u201d\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5197\u9577\u306a\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Examples:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cOver 20,000 patients&nbsp;are diagnosed&nbsp;with diabetes each year (by doctors) in the United States.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>\u201cEncyclopedias&nbsp;have been written&nbsp;(by scribes and scholars) throughout history.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>\u201c<em>Carcharodon carcharias<\/em>&nbsp;has been studied&nbsp;(by scientists) more extensively than almost any other species of shark.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u306e\u60a3\u8005\u3092\u8a3a\u7642\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u533b\u5e2b\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001by doctors\u306f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u30022\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u4e3b\u4f53(\u8457\u8005)\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u4ed8\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u3053\u3053\u3067\u767e\u79d1\u4e8b\u5178\u306e\u8457\u8005\u304c\u660e\u78ba\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306fby\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u4ed8\u3051\u8db3\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u30023\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u6975\u3081\u3066\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\uff12\uff0e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u624b\u3084\u52d5\u4f5c\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3088\u308a\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u3067\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u591a\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304c\u8ab0\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u30fb\u5206\u6790\u30fb\u767a\u898b\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3084\u52d5\u4f5c\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u305f\u8a18\u8ff0(\u53d7\u52d5\u614b)\u304c\u3001\u7279\u306bMethods(\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5)\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u3067\u591a\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3082\u305d\u306e\u7406\u7531\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Examples:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cFrozen embryos&nbsp;were stored&nbsp;in a cryogenic tank for two weeks.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>\u201cThe extract from sample A&nbsp;was added&nbsp;to sample B to create a mixture.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>\u201cThe results&nbsp;were assessed&nbsp;using a Chi-square statistic.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u306e3\u3064\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cWe&nbsp;stored&nbsp;the embryos in a cryogenic tank for two weeks.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>\u201cWe&nbsp;added&nbsp;the extract from sample A to sample B to create a mixture.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>\u201cOur team&nbsp;assessed&nbsp;the results using a Chi-square statistic.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u305f\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3082\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3082\u5358\u8a9e\u6570\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u7c21\u6f54\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u201cwe\u201d\u3084\u201cour team\u201d\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f37\u8abf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3053\u306e\u6587\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u3068\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306f\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u305f\u308a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u6d3b\u6c17\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3084\u767a\u898b\u4e8b\u9805\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u6301\u3064\u79d1\u5b66\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u5229\u70b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u591a\u69d8\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u3092\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3068\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u7d9a\u304f\u3068\u3001\u4e3b\u8a9e\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5358\u8abf\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u611f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u3082\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u3084\u3059\u3055\u30fb\u4f1d\u308f\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3055\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>\uff13\uff0e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u53d7\u3051\u624b\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u4e3b\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6587\u982d\u306b\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u5f93\u3046\u3068\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u751f\u3058\u307e\u3059\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u82f1\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6587\u982d(topic position)\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u6587\u672b\u306f\u201cstress position\u201d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u308a\u5909\u5316\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Examples:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Active voice: \u201cScientists once&nbsp;classified&nbsp;slime molds as fungi, but they no longer&nbsp;classifythem as part of that particular kingdom.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>Passive voice: \u201cSlime molds&nbsp;were&nbsp;once&nbsp;classified&nbsp;as fungi but&nbsp;are&nbsp;no longer&nbsp;consideredto be part of that particular kingdom.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3001\u201cscientists\u201d\u306f\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u201cpart of that particular kingdom\u201d \u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u306f\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u76ee\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u201cscientists\u201d\u304c\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e8c\u3064\u76ee\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u201cpart of that particular kingdom\u201d\u3092\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3053\u308c\u304c\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3068\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u201cslime molds\u201d\u304c\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5370\u8c61\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8981\u70b9\u3092\u793a\u3059<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u305f\u6587\u610f\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u6587\u4e2d\u3067\u306e\u300c\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u300d\u3068\u300c\u614b\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u300d\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a9e\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u300c\u614b\u300d\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u305d\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306b\u6587\u7ae0\u69cb\u6210\u4e0a\u306e\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u914d\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u91cd\u70b9\u304c\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Examples:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Active voice: \u201cThese amoeba coalesce into a multicellular, slug-like coordinated creature that&nbsp;grows&nbsp;into a fruiting body.\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>Passive voice: \u201cThis multicellular, slug-like coordinated creature, which eventually&nbsp;grows&nbsp;a fruiting body, is created by coalescing amoeba.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u3001\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u201camoeba\u201d\u3068\u201cmulticellular, slug-like coordinated creature\u201d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5148\u306b\u6319\u3052\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5e73\u7b49\u306b\u4e26\u5217\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u201camoeba\u201d\u3068\u201cfruiting body\u201d\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u6587\u982d\u3068\u6587\u672b\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u201cmulticellular, slug-like coordinated creature\u201d\u304c\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3001\u201camoeba\u201d\u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3068\u306f\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u201cfruiting body\u201d \u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u8a5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u201ccreature\u201d\u304b\u3089\u6d3e\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8a9e\u9806\u3082&#8221;multicellular creature&#8221;\u81ea\u4f53\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u88dc\u8db3\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u201camoeba\u201d\u3092\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30b8\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3082\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Introduction\u3084Discussion\u3001Conclusion\u306a\u3069\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6587\u610f\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u3001\u610f\u56f3\u3057\u305f\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u201cconnects backwards\u201d\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u304c\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u304c\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u300c\u76ee\u7684\u300d\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u6210\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002Introduction\u3092\u4f8b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example of three cohesive sentences (<em>active\u2014passive\u2014passive<\/em>):<\/strong><br><strong>[Excerpt from \u201cA Possible Correction of the Face Inversion Effect: A Methodological Commentary\u201d (Rakover, Sam and Cahlon, Baruch)]<\/strong><br><strong>\u201cThe present commentary concerns the face\/object (UI) effect. This effect can be explained by appeal to either innate or learning factors. However, this effect&nbsp;can&nbsp;also be influenced by another factor, the \u2018baseline-level,\u2019 which is the focus of the present commentary.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306fIntroduction\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c(\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u201cthe face\/object (UI) effect\u201d)\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3001\u5f8c\u306b\u7d9a\u304f\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u4f55\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u524d\u63d0\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30013\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u4e0a\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u7d71\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u30023\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306f2\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3068\u4e26\u5217\u3057\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u201cinfluence\u201d\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3068\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u305f\u884c\u52d5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u201cthe effect\u201d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u540c\u3058\u614b\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u3088\u308a\u3082\u81ea\u7136\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306b\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306e\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u30fb\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\uff1a\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u3001\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3068\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7121\u99c4\u306a\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u6570\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3059<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3084\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a8\u30c7\u30a3\u30bf\u30fc(\u3053\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30bf\u30fcKevin)\u306e\u7d4c\u9a13\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u306f\u80fd\u52d5\u614b\u3067\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u304b\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u307f\u3001\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u304a\u52e7\u3081\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u304c\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u4e0d\u660e\u304b\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u5206\u304b\u308a\u5207\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u52d5\u4f5c\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3088\u308a\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52d5\u4f5c\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3088\u308a\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><em>Springer.com.<\/em>&nbsp;\u201cStress Position\u201d&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/authors-editors\/authorandreviewertutorials\/writinginenglish\/stress-position\/10252690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/authors-editors\/authorandreviewertutorials\/writinginenglish\/stress-position\/10252690<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gopen GD, Swan JA. The science of scientific writing.&nbsp;<em>Am Scientist.<\/em>&nbsp;1990;78:550-558.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rakover, S., &amp; CAHLON, B. (2014). A Possible Correction of the Face Inversion Effect: A Methodological Commentary.&nbsp;<em>The American Journal of Psychology,<\/em>&nbsp;<em>127<\/em>(3), 303-311. doi:10.5406\/amerjpsyc.127.3.0303 Website:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.5406\/amerjpsyc.127.3.0303?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.5406\/amerjpsyc.127.3.0303?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wordvice.com\/video-which-verb-tenses-should-i-use-in-a-research-paper\/\"><em>Wordvice\u00a0<\/em>Blog: \u201cWhich Tenses to Use in Your Research Paper.<\/a>\u201d\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Wordvice\u00a0<\/em>Blog: \u201c\u3010<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/jp\/blog\/how-to-write-the-perfect-title-for-your-research-paper\/\">\u52d5\u753b\u3011\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306e\u30b3\u30c4<\/a>\u201d\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Wordvice YouTube Channel:&nbsp;<\/em>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Fl1q-I3bE0c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to Create a Title for Your Research Paper<\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Wordvice Blog:\u00a0<\/em>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/jp\/blog\/choosing-research-paper-keywords\/\">\u9069\u5207\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9(keywords)\u306e\u9078\u3073\u65b9<\/a>\u201d\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Wordvice YouTube Channel:&nbsp;<\/em>\u201cParts of a Research Paper.\u201d&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aO6ipI-d2fw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aO6ipI-d2fw<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ScienceDocs<\/em>&nbsp;Inc. Blog: \u201c5 Common Mistakes to Avoid When Writing a Discussion.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedocs.com\/writing-a-research-paper-discussion\/%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;https:\/\/www.sciencedocs.com\/writing-a-research-paper-discussion\/&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8ad6\u6587\u6821\u95b2\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u30fb\u82f1\u8a9e\u8ad6\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u30fb\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u306e\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u66f8\u306e\u4f1d\u308f\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3055\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306e\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u6295\u7a3f\u8ad6\u6587\u3001\u4fee\u58eb\u30fb\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u6700\u9069\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/services\/academic-editing\/\">\u82f1\u8a9e\u8ad6\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u8a73\u7d30\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/services\/academic-editing\/\">\u4f55\u5ea6\u3067\u3082\u518d\u6821\u6b63\u4fdd\u8a3c\uff01\u30d7\u30ec\u30df\u30a2\u30e0\u8ad6\u6587\u6821\u95b2<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/price\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u6599\u91d1\u78ba\u8a8d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCqMYbpukJAftuhYth2MtxXQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u21d2 WordviceJP\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30ebYoutube\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u304b\u3089<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30fb\u65e5\u82f1\u7ffb\u8a33\u306a\u3089\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9<\/a>\u3092\u3054\u5229\u7528\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff01<br>|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.com\/jp\/blog\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u8a18\u4e8b<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/services\/academic-editing\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/services\/translation\/academic-paper\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u65e5\u82f1\u7ffb\u8a33<\/a>&nbsp;|<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/services\/academic-editing\/assignment\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5927\u5b66\u8ab2\u984c\u6dfb\u524a<\/a>\u2502<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/price\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u6599\u91d1<\/a>\u2502<a href=\"https:\/\/wordvice.jp\/faq\/?utm_source=wordvice-blog&amp;utm_medium=post&amp;utm_campaign=inlink_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f<\/a>\u2502<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\uff01\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u52d5\u753b\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u3044\u6587\u610f\u3068\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7684\u78ba\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u300c\u614b\u300d\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u6271\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u306f\u53d7\u52d5\u614b\u300d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1104,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,6],"tags":[128,100,103,174,55,58,95,104],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.3 - 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